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Research lab page corrections & MRL-0006 added
+ EN,FR translation + MRL-0005 FR title update
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@ -444,6 +444,8 @@ research-lab:
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mrl4_abstract: قد حددنا العديد من هجمات التحليل المتاحه ضد بروتوكول كريبتونوت (CryptoNote 2.0) التي تهدف إضعاف عدم إمكانيه التتبع.نقوم بتحليل الحلول الممكنه, ومناقشه مزاياها وعيوبها, ونوصي بالتحسينات اللازمه لبروتوكول مونيرو التي ستقوم بمقاومه تتبع سلسله الكتل علي المدي الطويل. تشمل هذه التحسينات علي مستوي البروتوكول والشبكه أقل عدد لدمج توقيعات-الطوق (n = 2) , علي مستوي البروتوكول رفع هذه القيمه بعد سنتين إلي ( n = 4 ) , وعلي مستوي المحفظه (n = 4) في هذه الأثناء. ننصح أيضاً بنظام الند إلي الند في إرسال مخرجات معامله مونيرو. نناقش أيضاً طريقه إختيار غير موحده تعتمد علي العمر للتخفيف من هجمات تحليل سلسله الكتل الذي تم تحديده هنا. ولكننا لا نقدم أي توصيات رسميه بشأن دمجها لمجموعه متنوعه من الأسباب. ونناقش أيضاً بالتفصيل الأثار المترتبه علي هذه التحسينات. هذا البحث لم يتم مراجعته ولا يعكس سوي نتائج التحقيق الداخلي.
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mrl5: المعاملات السريه لتوقيعات الطوق
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mrl5_abstract: يُقدم هذا المقال طريقه إخفاء كميه المعاملات في العمله الرقميه اللامركزيه مونيرو . كالبتكوين تعتمد عمله مونيرو علي التوزيع من خلال عمليه إثبات-العمل (التعدين). بروتوكول مونيرو الأساسي مبني علي CryptoNote والذي يستهدم توقعيات-الطوق و مفاتيح المره الواحده لإخفاء واجهه و مصدر المعاملات. مؤخراً, تم مناقشه ودمج أسلوب إخفاء المعاملات بواسطه مُطور البتكوين جورج ماكسويل. في هذا المقال يتم وصف نوع جديد من نظام توقيعات-الطوق وهو توقيع مجهول متعدد الطبقات ويسمح بإخفاء مبلغ المعاملات ومصدرها ووِجهتها بكافئه معقوله . بعض ملحقات البروتوكول متوفره مثال (Aggregate Schnorr Range Proofs) و توقيعات-الطوق المزدوجه (Ring Multisignature).يود الكاتب ذكر أن المسودات المبكره لهذا تم نشرها علي قناه مونيرو والبتكوين عبر ال IRC . تم تسجيل المسودات بسلسله الكتل [14] توضح أنه قد بدأ العمل في صيف 2015 وإكتمل في أوائل شهر أكتوبر 2015 كما تتوفر نسخه إلكترونيه في http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
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mrl6: Subadresses
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mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the user’s subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions.
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cryptonote: الورقه البيضاء لكريبتونوت (CryptoNote)
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cryptonote-whitepaper: الورقه البيضاء لكريبتونوت (CryptoNote)
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cryptonote-whitepaper_para: هذه هي الورقه الرسميه لكريبتونوت المكتوبه بواسطه فريق كريبتونوت. قرائتها سوف يعطيك فِهماً حول آليه عمل خوارزميه كريبتونوت في العموم.
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@ -445,6 +445,8 @@ research-lab:
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mrl4_abstract: We identify several blockchain analysis attacks available to degrade the untraceability of the CryptoNote 2.0 protocol. We analyze possible solutions, discuss the relative merits and drawbacks to those solutions, and recommend improvements to the Monero protocol that will hopefully provide long-term resistance of the cryptocurrency against blockchain analysis. Our recommended improvements to Monero include a protocol-level network-wide minimum mix-in policy of n = 2 foreign outputs per ring signature, a protocol-level increase of this value to n = 4 after two years, and a wallet-level default value of n = 4 in the interim. We also recommend a torrent-style method of sending Monero output. We also discuss a non-uniform, age-dependent mix-in selection method to mitigate the other forms of blockchain analysis identified herein, but we make no formal recommendations on implementation for a variety of reasons. The ramifications following these improvements are also discussed in some detail. This research bulletin has not undergone peer review, and reflects only the results of internal investigation.
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mrl5: Ring Signature Confidential Transactions
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mrl5_abstract: This article introduces a method of hiding transaction amounts in the strongly decentralized anonymous cryptocurrency Monero. Similar to Bitcoin, Monero is a cryptocurrency which is distributed through a proof of work “mining” process. The original Monero protocol was based on CryptoNote, which uses ring signatures and one-time keys to hide the destination and origin of transactions. Recently the technique of using a commitment scheme to hide the amount of a transaction has been discussed and implemented by Bitcoin Core Developer Gregory Maxwell. In this article, a new type of ring signature, A Multi-layered Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signature is described which allows for hidden amounts, origins and destinations of transactions with reasonable efficiency and verifiable, trustless coin generation. Some extensions of the protocol are provided, such as Aggregate Schnorr Range Proofs, and Ring Multisignature. The author would like to note that early drafts of this were publicized in the Monero Community and on the bitcoin research irc channel. Blockchain hashed drafts are available in [14] showing that this work was started in Summer 2015, and completed in early October 2015. An eprint is also available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
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mrl6: Subadresses
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mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the user’s subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions.
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cryptonote: Cryptonote Whitepapers
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cryptonote-whitepaper: Cryptonote Whitepaper
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cryptonote-whitepaper_para: This is the original cryptonote paper written by the cryptonote team. Reading it will give an understanding about how the cryptonote algorithm works in general.
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@ -445,6 +445,8 @@ research-lab:
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mrl4_abstract: We identify several blockchain analysis attacks available to degrade the untraceability of the CryptoNote 2.0 protocol. We analyze possible solutions, discuss the relative merits and drawbacks to those solutions, and recommend improvements to the Monero protocol that will hopefully provide long-term resistance of the cryptocurrency against blockchain analysis. Our recommended improvements to Monero include a protocol-level network-wide minimum mix-in policy of n = 2 foreign outputs per ring signature, a protocol-level increase of this value to n = 4 after two years, and a wallet-level default value of n = 4 in the interim. We also recommend a torrent-style method of sending Monero output. We also discuss a non-uniform, age-dependent mix-in selection method to mitigate the other forms of blockchain analysis identified herein, but we make no formal recommendations on implementation for a variety of reasons. The ramifications following these improvements are also discussed in some detail. This research bulletin has not undergone peer review, and reflects only the results of internal investigation.
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mrl5: Ring Signature Confidential Transactions
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mrl5_abstract: This article introduces a method of hiding transaction amounts in the strongly decentralized anonymous cryptocurrency Monero. Similar to Bitcoin, Monero is a cryptocurrency which is distributed through a proof of work “mining” process. The original Monero protocol was based on CryptoNote, which uses ring signatures and one-time keys to hide the destination and origin of transactions. Recently the technique of using a commitment scheme to hide the amount of a transaction has been discussed and implemented by Bitcoin Core Developer Gregory Maxwell. In this article, a new type of ring signature, A Multi-layered Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signature is described which allows for hidden amounts, origins and destinations of transactions with reasonable efficiency and verifiable, trustless coin generation. Some extensions of the protocol are provided, such as Aggregate Schnorr Range Proofs, and Ring Multisignature. The author would like to note that early drafts of this were publicized in the Monero Community and on the bitcoin research irc channel. Blockchain hashed drafts are available in [14] showing that this work was started in Summer 2015, and completed in early October 2015. An eprint is also available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
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mrl6: Subadresses
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mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the user’s subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions.
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cryptonote: Cryptonote Whitepapers
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cryptonote-whitepaper: Cryptonote Whitepaper
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cryptonote-whitepaper_para: This is the original cryptonote paper written by the cryptonote team. Reading it will give an understanding about how the cryptonote algorithm works in general.
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mrl3_abstract: Récemment, quelques vagues de frayeurs concernant le code source et le protocole CryptoNote on circulé sur internet fondé sur le fait qu'il s'agisse d'un protocole plus complexe que, par exemple Bitcoin. Ce rapport tentera d'éclaircir ces méconnaissances et avec un peu de chance retirera une partie du mystère entourant les signatures de cercle de Monero. Nous commencerons par comparer les calculs mathématiques impliqués dans les signatures de cercle CryptoNote (comme décrit dans [CN]) à ceux de [FS], sur lesquelles est basé CryptoNote. Après cela, nous comparerons les calculs mathématiques des signatures de cercle à ce qui se trouve actuellement dans la base de code de CryptoNote.
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mrl4: Amélioration de l'obscurcissement dans le protocole CryptoNote
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mrl4_abstract: Nous avons identifier plusieurs attaques d'analyse de la chaîne de blocs pouvant dégrader l'intraçabilité du protocol CryptoNote 2.0. Nous analysons de possibles solutions, discutons de leurs avantages et inconvénients et recommandons des améliorations du protocole Monero qui devraient fournir une résistance à l'analyse de la chaîne de blocs de la cryptomonnaie sur le long terme. Nos recommandations d'améliorations incluent une politique minimale protocolaire de mixage des entrées minimale de n = 2 sortie distantes par signature de cercle, une augmentation protocolaire de cette valeur à n = 4 au bout de deux ans et une valeur par défaut dans le portefeuille à n = 4 dans l'intervalle. Nous recommandons également une méthode d'émission des sorties Monero "à la torrent". Nous discutons aussi d'une méthode de sélection du mixage des entrées non-uniforme et dépendante du temps pour atténuer les autres formes d'analyse de la chaîne de blocs identifiés ici, mais nous ne faisons aucune recommandations formelles de son implémentation pour diverses raisons. Nous y détaillons par ailleurs les répercussions découlant de ces améliorations. Ce bulletin de recherche n'a pas fait l'objet d'un examen par des tiers, et ne reflète que les résultats d'investigations internes.
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mrl5: Ring Signature Confidential Transactions
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mrl5: Transactions Confidentielles à Signatures de Cercle
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mrl5_abstract: Cet article présente une méthode de masquage du montant des transactions dans la cryptomonnaie anonyme fortement décentralisée Monero. De la même manière que Bitcoin, Monero est une cryptomonnaie basée sur un processus "d'extraction minière" basé sur une preuve de travail. Le protocole originel de Monero était basé sur CryptoNote , qui utilise les signatures de cercle et des clefs à usage unique pour masquer l'origine et la destination des transactions. Récemment, une technique utilisant un mécanisme déterministe pour masquer le montant d'une transaction a été étudié et implémenté par Gregory Maxwell, l'un des développeur principaux de Bitcoin. Dans cette article, nous exposons un nouveau type de signatures de cercle, une Signature de Groupe Associable Anonyme et Spontané à Plusieurs Niveaux permettant de masquer les montants, les origines et les destinations des transactions avec une efficacité raisonnable et une génération de pièces de monnaie vérifiable et fiable. Quelques extensions protocolaires sont fournies, telles que la preuve à divulgation nulle de connaissance de Schnorr, et les multi-signatures de cercle. L'auteur voudrait faire remarquer que les premières ébauches ont été publiées dans la communauté Monero et sur le canal IRC de recherche bitcoin. Des brouillons de chaîne de blocs sont disponibles dans [14], montrant que ce travail a débuté à l'été 2015 et s'est achevé début octobre 2015. Une impression électronique est également disponible sur http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
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mrl6: Sous-adresses
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mrl6_abstract: Les Utilisateurs de la cryptomonnaie Monero qui souhaitent réutiliser des adresses de portefeuille d'une manière non connectable doivent maintenir des portefeuilles séparés, ce qui nécessite de scanner les transactions entrante pour chacun. Nous avons documenté un nouveau schéma d'adresses qui permet à un utilisateur de maintenir une seule adresse de portefeuille et de générer un nombre arbitraire de sous-adresses non connectables. Chaque transaction n'a besoin d'être scannée qu'une seule fois pour déterminer si la destination appartient à une quelconque sous-adresse de l'utilisateur. Le schéma supporte également des sorties multiples vers d'autres sous-adresses et est aussi efficace que les transactions traditionnelles de portefeuille.
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cryptonote: Livres Blancs CryptoNote
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cryptonote-whitepaper: Livre Blanc Cryptonote
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cryptonote-whitepaper_para: Voici le document originel de CryptoNote écrit par l'équipe CryptoNote. En le lisant, vous comprendrez comment l'algorithme CryptoNote fonctionne d'une manière générale.
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@ -445,6 +445,8 @@ research-lab:
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mrl4_abstract: We identify several blockchain analysis attacks available to degrade the untraceability of the CryptoNote 2.0 protocol. We analyze possible solutions, discuss the relative merits and drawbacks to those solutions, and recommend improvements to the Monero protocol that will hopefully provide long-term resistance of the cryptocurrency against blockchain analysis. Our recommended improvements to Monero include a protocol-level network-wide minimum mix-in policy of n = 2 foreign outputs per ring signature, a protocol-level increase of this value to n = 4 after two years, and a wallet-level default value of n = 4 in the interim. We also recommend a torrent-style method of sending Monero output. We also discuss a non-uniform, age-dependent mix-in selection method to mitigate the other forms of blockchain analysis identified herein, but we make no formal recommendations on implementation for a variety of reasons. The ramifications following these improvements are also discussed in some detail. This research bulletin has not undergone peer review, and reflects only the results of internal investigation.
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mrl5: Ring Signature Confidential Transactions
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mrl5_abstract: This article introduces a method of hiding transaction amounts in the strongly decentralized anonymous cryptocurrency Monero. Similar to Bitcoin, Monero is a cryptocurrency which is distributed through a proof of work “mining” process. The original Monero protocol was based on CryptoNote, which uses ring signatures and one-time keys to hide the destination and origin of transactions. Recently the technique of using a commitment scheme to hide the amount of a transaction has been discussed and implemented by Bitcoin Core Developer Gregory Maxwell. In this article, a new type of ring signature, A Multi-layered Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signature is described which allows for hidden amounts, origins and destinations of transactions with reasonable efficiency and verifiable, trustless coin generation. Some extensions of the protocol are provided, such as Aggregate Schnorr Range Proofs, and Ring Multisignature. The author would like to note that early drafts of this were publicized in the Monero Community and on the bitcoin research irc channel. Blockchain hashed drafts are available in [14] showing that this work was started in Summer 2015, and completed in early October 2015. An eprint is also available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
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mrl6: Subadresses
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mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the user’s subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions.
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cryptonote: Cryptonote Whitepapers
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cryptonote-whitepaper: Cryptonote Whitepaper
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cryptonote-whitepaper_para: This is the original cryptonote paper written by the cryptonote team. Reading it will give an understanding about how the cryptonote algorithm works in general.
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@ -446,6 +446,8 @@ research-lab:
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mrl4_abstract: Zauważyliśmy, że wiele ataków w formie analizy łańcuchów bloków może zdegradować niewykrywalność protokołu CryptoNote 2.0. Analizujemy możliwe rozwiązania, dyskutujemy względne zalety i wady tych rozwiązań i sugerujemy ulepszenia w protokole Monero, które zapewnią długoterminową odporność kryptowaluty na analizy łańcucha bloków. Nasze zalecane ulepszenia Monero uwzględniają politykę minimalnego miksowania na poziomie protokołu w całej sieci z n=2 obcych wyjść na jeden podpis pierścieniowy, zwiększenie tej ilości do n=4 na poziomie protokołu po dwóch latach oraz tymczasową domyślną ilość n=4 na poziomie portfela. Zalecamy również metodę wysyłania wyjść Monero w stylu torrentów. Dyskutujemy także nad niejednolitą, zależną od wieku metodą wyboru miksowania w celu złagodzenia pozostałych form analizy łańcucha bloków tu opisanych, ale nie czynimy żadnych formalnych zaleceń ich wdrożenia z wielu powodów. Rozgałęzienia następujące w efekcie tych ulepszeń również są opisane w pewnym stopniu. Ten biuletyn badawczy nie uległ rewizji i jedynie odzwierciedla wyniki wewnętrznego dochodzenia.
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mrl5: Transakcje z Poufnym Podpisem Pierścieniowym
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mrl5_abstract: Ten artykuł wprowadza do metody ukrywania kwot transakcji w silnie zdecentralizowanej, anonimowej kryptowalucie Monero. Podobnie jak Bitcoin, Monero jest kryptowalutą rozprowadzaną za pomocą procesu wydobycia z dowodem pracy. Oryginalny protokół Monero został oparty na CryptoNote, który używa podpisów pierścieniowych oraz jednorazowych kluczy w celu ukrycia nadawcy i odbiorcy płatności. Ostatnio deweloper Centrum Bitcoina, Gregory Maxwell, omawiał oraz wdrożył technikę użycia zobowiązań bitowych, aby ukryć kwotę transakcji. Ten artykuł opisuje nowy rodzaj podpisu pierścieniowego - Wielowarstwowy Łączony Spontaniczny Anonimowy Podpis Grupowy, który umożliwia ukrycie kwot, nadawcy i odbiorcy przelewów z rozsądną wydajnością oraz weryfikowalną produkcją monet bez zaufania. Przytoczono niektóre rozszerzenia protokołu, takie jak Zagregowane Dowody Zasięgu Schnorra oraz Wielopodpisy Pierścieniowe. Autor pragnie zaznaczyć, że wczesne projekty tego artykułu zostały opublikowane w społeczności Monero oraz na kanale IRC dotyczącym badań nad Bitcoinem. Projekty haszowania łańcucha bloków są dostępne w [14] i dowodzą, że praca ta została rozpoczęta w lecie 2015 roku i skończona na początku października 2015 roku. E-print dostępny jest także na stronie http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
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mrl6: Subadresses
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mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the user’s subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions.
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cryptonote: Dokumenty oficjalne CryptoNote
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cryptonote-whitepaper: Oficjalne dokumenty CryptoNote
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cryptonote-whitepaper_para: Oficjalny dokument napisany przez zespół CryptoNote. Pozwala zrozumieć, jak ogólnie działa algorytm CryptoNote.
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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ permalink: /resources/research-lab/index.html
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<input id="tab-four" type="checkbox" name="tabs" class="accordion">
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<label for="tab-four" class="accordion">MRL-0004: {% t research-lab.mrl4 %}</label>
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<div class="tab-content">
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<p><strong>{% t research-lab.abstract %}:</strong>{% t research-lab.mrl4_abstract %}
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<p><strong>{% t research-lab.abstract %}:</strong> {% t research-lab.mrl4_abstract %}
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<br>
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<br>
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<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://lab.getmonero.org/pubs/MRL-0004.pdf">{% t research-lab.read-paper %}</a></p>
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<input id="tab-five" type="checkbox" name="tabs" class="accordion">
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<label for="tab-five" class="accordion">MRL-0005: {% t research-lab.mrl5 %}</label>
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<div class="tab-content">
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<p><strong>{% t research-lab.abstract %}:</strong>{% t research-lab.mrl5_abstract %}
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<p><strong>{% t research-lab.abstract %}:</strong> {% t research-lab.mrl5_abstract %}
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<br>
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<br>
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<a href="https://lab.getmonero.org/pubs/MRL-0005.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">{% t research-lab.mrl5_abstract %}</a></p>
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<a href="https://lab.getmonero.org/pubs/MRL-0005.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">{% t research-lab.read-paper %}</a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="tab">
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<input id="tab-sixth" type="checkbox" name="tabs" class="accordion">
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<label for="tab-sixth" class="accordion">MRL-0006: {% t research-lab.mrl6 %}</label>
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<div class="tab-content">
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<p><strong>{% t research-lab.abstract %}:</strong> {% t research-lab.mrl6_abstract %}
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<br>
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<a href="https://lab.getmonero.org/pubs/MRL-0006.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">{% t research-lab.read-paper %}</a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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