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Binary Verification: Linux, Mac, or Windows Using CLI Tools (Advanced)
Verification of the Monero binary files should be done prior to extracting, installing, or using the Monero software. This is the only way to ensure that you are using the official Monero software. If you receive a fake Monero binary (eg. phishing, MITM, etc.), following this guide will protect you from being tricked into using it.
To protect the integrity of the binaries the Monero team provides a cryptographically signed list of all the SHA256 hashes. If your downloaded binary has been tampered with it will be produce a different hash than the one in the file.
This is an advanced guide for Linux, Mac, or Windows operating systems and will make use of the command line. It will walk you through the process of installing the required software, importing the signing key, downloading the necessary files, and finally verifying that your binary is authentic.
Table of Contents:
1. Install GnuPG
2. Verify & Import Signing Key
3. Download & Verify Hash File
4. Download & Verify Binary
1. Installing GnuPG
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On Windows, go to the Gpg4win download page and follow the instructions for installation.
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On Mac, go to the Gpgtools download page and follow the instructions for installation.
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On Linux, GnuPG is installed by default.
2. Verify and Import Signing Key
This section will cover getting the Monero signing key, making sure it is correct, and importing the key to GnuPG.
2.1. Get Signing Key
On Windows or Mac, go to Fluffypony's GPG key, which he uses to sign the Monero binaries, and save the page as fluffypony.asc to your home directory.
On Linux, you can download Fluffypony's signing key by issuing the following command:
wget -O fluffypony.asc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/monero-project/monero/master/utils/gpg_keys/fluffypony.asc
2.2. Verify Signing Key
On all operating systems, check the fingerprint of fluffypony.asc by issuing the following command in a terminal:
gpg --keyid-format long --with-fingerprint fluffypony.asc
Verify the fingerprint matches:
pub 2048R/7455C5E3C0CDCEB9 2013-04-08 Riccardo Spagni <ric@spagni.net>
Key fingerprint = BDA6 BD70 42B7 21C4 67A9 759D 7455 C5E3 C0CD CEB9
sub 2048R/55432DF31CCD4FCD 2013-04-08
If the fingerprint DOES match, then you may proceed.
If the fingerprint DOES NOT match, DO NOT CONTINUE. Instead delete the file fluffypony.asc and go back to section 2.1.
2.3. Import Signing Key
From a terminal, import the signing key:
gpg --import fluffypony.asc
If this is the first time you have imported the key, the output will look like this:
gpg: key 0x7455C5E3C0CDCEB9: 2 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: key 0x7455C5E3C0CDCEB9: public key "Riccardo Spagni <ric@spagni.net>" importe
d
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
If you have imported the key previously, the output will look like this:
gpg: key 0x7455C5E3C0CDCEB9: "Riccardo Spagni <ric@spagni.net>" not changed
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: unchanged: 1
3. Download and Verify Hash File
This section will cover downloading the hash file and verifying its authenticity.
3.1. Get Hash File
On Windows or Mac, go to the [hashes file on getmonero.org]({{ site.baseurl }}/downloads/hashes.txt) and save the page as hashes.txt to your home directory.
On Linux, you can download the signed hashes file by issuing the following command:
wget -O hashes.txt {{ site.baseurl }}/downloads/hashes.txt
3.2. Verify Hash File
The hash file is signed with key 94B7 38DD 3501 32F5 ACBE EA1D 5543 2DF3 1CCD 4FCD, which is a subkey of key BDA6 BD70 42B7 21C4 67A9 759D 7455 C5E3 C0CD CEB9 (as reflected in the output below).
On all operating systems, verify the signature of the hash file by issuing the following command in a terminal:
gpg --verify hashes.txt
If the file is authentic, the output will look like this:
gpg: Signature made Thu 05 Apr 2018 06:07:35 AM MDT
gpg: using RSA key 94B738DD350132F5ACBEEA1D55432DF31CCD4FCD
gpg: Good signature from "Riccardo Spagni <ric@spagni.net>" [unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: BDA6 BD70 42B7 21C4 67A9 759D 7455 C5E3 C0CD CEB9
Subkey fingerprint: 94B7 38DD 3501 32F5 ACBE EA1D 5543 2DF3 1CCD 4FCD
If your output shows Good signature, as in the example, then you may proceed.
If you see BAD signature in the output, DO NOT CONTINUE. Instead delete the file hashes.txt and go back to section 3.1.
4. Download and Verify Binary
This section will cover downloading the Monero binary for your operating system, getting the SHA256 hash of your download, and verifying that it is correct.
4.1. Get Monero binary
On Windows or Mac, go to [getmonero.org]({{ site.baseurl }}/downloads/) and download the correct file for your operating system. Save the file to your home directory. Do not extract the files yet.
On Linux, you can download the command line tools by issuing the following command:
wget -O monero-linux-x64-v0.12.0.0.tar.bz2 https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/linux64
4.2. Binary Verification on Linux or Mac
The steps for both Linux and Mac are the same. From a terminal, get the SHA256 hash of your downloaded Monero binary. As an example this guide will use the Linux, 64bit GUI binary. Substitute monero-gui-linux-x64-v0.12.0.0.tar.bz2 with the name of the binary that you downloaded in section 4.1.
shasum -a 256 monero-gui-linux-x64-v0.12.0.0.tar.bz2
The output will look like this, but will be different for each binary file. Your SHA256 hash should match the one listed in the hashes.txt file for your binary file.
fb0f43387b31202f381c918660d9bc32a3d28a4733d391b1625a0e15737c5388 monero-gui-linux-x64-v0.12.0.0.tar.bz2
If your hash DOES match, then you are finished with the guide! You can extract the files and install.
If your hash DOES NOT match, DO NOT CONTINUE. Instead delete the binary you downloaded and go back to section 4.1.
4.3. Binary Verification on Windows
From a terminal, get the SHA256 hash of your downloaded Monero binary. As an example this guide will use the Windows, 64bit GUI binary. Substitute monero-gui-win-x64-v0.12.0.0.zip with the name of the binary that you downloaded in section 4.1.
certUtil -hashfile monero-gui-win-x64-v0.12.0.0.zip SHA256
The output will look like this, but will be different for each binary file. Your SHA256 hash should match the one listed in the hashes.txt file for your binary file.
SHA256 hash of file monero-gui-win-x64-v0.12.0.0.zip:
4b 9f 31 68 6e ca ad 97 cd b1 75 e6 57 4b f3 07 f8 d1 c4 10 42 78 25 f4 30 4c 21 da 8a ac 18 64
CertUtil: -hashfile command completed successfully.
If your hash DOES match, then you are finished with the guide! You can extract the files and install.
If your hash DOES NOT match, DO NOT CONTINUE. Instead delete the binary you downloaded and go back to section 4.1.