daemon: Add ability to write a PID file

The PID file will only be written if the daemon is called with the
`--detach` command line argument and a `--pidfile /some/file/path`
argument.

src/daemonizer/posix_daemonizer.inl

@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ namespace daemonizer
       "detach"
     , "Run as daemon"
     };
+    const command_line::arg_descriptor<std::string> arg_pidfile = {
+      "pidfile"
+    , "File path to write the daemon's PID to (optional, requires --detach)"
+    };
     const command_line::arg_descriptor<bool> arg_non_interactive = {
       "non-interactive"
     , "Run non-interactive"
@@ -55,6 +59,7 @@ namespace daemonizer
     )
   {
     command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_detach);
+    command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_pidfile);
     command_line::add_arg(normal_options, arg_non_interactive);
   }
 
@@ -80,7 +85,12 @@ namespace daemonizer
     if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_detach))
     {
       tools::success_msg_writer() << "Forking to background...";
-      posix::fork();
+      std::string pidfile;
+      if (command_line::has_arg(vm, arg_pidfile))
+      {
+        pidfile = command_line::get_arg(vm, arg_pidfile);
+      }
+      posix::fork(pidfile);
       auto daemon = executor.create_daemon(vm);
       return daemon.run();
     }

src/daemonizer/posix_fork.cpp

@@ -21,15 +21,43 @@
 namespace posix {
 
 namespace {
-  void quit(std::string const & message)
+  void quit(const std::string & message)
   {
     LOG_ERROR(message);
     throw std::runtime_error(message);
   }
 }
 
-void fork()
+void fork(const std::string & pidfile)
 {
+  // If a PID file is specified, we open the file here, because
+  // we can't report errors after the fork operation.
+  // When we fork, we close thise file in each of the parent
+  // processes.
+  // Only in the final child process do we write the PID to the
+  // file (and close it).
+  std::ofstream pidofs;
+  if (! pidfile.empty ())
+  {
+	int oldpid;
+    std::ifstream pidrifs;
+    pidrifs.open(pidfile, std::fstream::in);
+    if (! pidrifs.fail())
+    {
+	  // Read the PID and send signal 0 to see if the process exists.
+	  if (pidrifs >> oldpid && oldpid > 1 && kill(oldpid, 0) == 0)
+      {
+        quit("PID file " + pidfile + " already exists and the PID therein is valid");
+	  }
+	  pidrifs.close();
+	}
+
+    pidofs.open(pidfile, std::fstream::out | std::fstream::trunc);
+    if (pidofs.fail())
+    {
+      quit("Failed to open specified PID file for writing");
+    }
+  }
   // Fork the process and have the parent exit. If the process was started
   // from a shell, this returns control to the user. Forking a new process is
   // also a prerequisite for the subsequent call to setsid().
@@ -38,7 +66,7 @@ void fork()
     if (pid > 0)
     {
       // We're in the parent process and need to exit.
-      //
+      pidofs.close();
       // When the exit() function is used, the program terminates without
       // invoking local variables' destructors. Only global variables are
       // destroyed.
@@ -59,6 +87,7 @@ void fork()
   {
     if (pid > 0)
     {
+      pidofs.close();
       exit(0);
     }
     else
@@ -67,6 +96,13 @@ void fork()
     }
   }
 
+  if (! pidofs.fail())
+  {
+    int pid = ::getpid();
+    pidofs << pid << std::endl;
+    pidofs.close();
+  }
+
   // Close the standard streams. This decouples the daemon from the terminal
   // that started it.
   close(0);

src/daemonizer/posix_fork.h

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2014-2017, The Monero Project
-// 
+//
 // All rights reserved.
-// 
+//
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
 // permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-// 
+//
 // 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
 //    conditions and the following disclaimer.
-// 
+//
 // 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
 //    of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 //    materials provided with the distribution.
-// 
+//
 // 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be
 //    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
 //    prior written permission.
-// 
+//
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
 // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 // MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@
 // THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 #pragma once
+#include <string>
 
 #ifndef WIN32
 
 namespace posix {
 
-void fork();
+void fork(const std::string & pidfile);
 
 }